Portable telephone system

ABSTRACT

Duplicate optical fibers connect between a base station controller and a radio base station for each route. The duplicate optical fiber is connected to each of the radio base stations for each route through a star coupler. The radio base stations are arranged in each of areas so that the radio base stations for different routes are arranged adjacent to each other.

This application is a division of Ser. No. 07/941,963 filed Sep. 8, 1992U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,370.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a portable telephone system utilizingportable telephones each connected to a subscriber line of a publicswitching network through radio transmission path.

A basic idea of a portable telephone system is described in a featurearticle, "ADVANCED PERSONAL COMMUNICATION", Nikkei Communications, Feb.18, '91, pp. 52-72.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an excellentportable telephone system in view of such an idea.

In order to achieve the above object, a representative example of theportable telephone system provided by the present invention is asfollows.

The present invention provides the portable telephone system including aswitching system, a plurality of radio base stations installed in eacharea and connected to the switching system through duplicated opticalfibers transmission path, and portable telephones connected to the radiobase station through radio transmission path to thereby improve thereliability of the system.

Further, similarly, in order to improve the reliability of the system,there is provided a portable telephone system including a switchingsystem, a plurality of radio base stations for n-th route each installedin an area and connected through n-th (where n is a natural numbersatisfying k≠n∩n m≧n≧1) duplicate optical fiber transmission pathsdifferent from k-th (where k is a natural number satisfying k≠n∩m≧n≧1)duplicate optical fiber transmission paths, of k-th to m-th (where m isa natural number satisfying m≧2) routes, and portable telephonesconnected to the radio base station through radio transmission path, theradio base station for n-th route being arranged in an area adjacent toradio base stations of a route different from the n-th route.

There is provided a portable telephone system including a plurality ofradio base stations each installed in an area, a portable telephoneswitching system connected to the radio base stations through radiotransmission path, a service control point (SCP) for managing positioninformation of portable telephone, and a switching system connected tothe radio base station through transmission path for switching a call ofthe portable telephone through the radio base station in accordance withposition information of the portable telephone managed in the networkservice point; the portable telephone registering its own positioninformation in the network service point in accordance with receptionstate of radio wave from the radio base stations collected for apredetermined term, to thereby avoid occurrence of excessive positionregistration by a high-speed moving body.

There is provided a portable telephone system including an integratedservices digital network (ISDN) switching system, a plurality of radiobase stations connected to the ISDN switching system through an Iinterface and installed in each area, and portable telephones connectedto the radio base station through radio transmission path by ping-pongtransmission; the radio base stations each including ping-pongtransmission means for performing ping-pong transmission between theportable telephone and the radio base station in synchronism with amulti-frame prescribed in CCITT recommendation I.430 on the I interface,to thereby omit physical lines for synchronization.

There is provided a portable telephone system including a switchingsystem, a plurality of radio base stations connected to the switchingsystem through a transmission path and installed in each area, portabletelephones connected to the radio base station through radiotransmission path, and test means connected to the switching system todesignate relay between the switching system and the radio transmissionpath for test call to one specific radio base station through theswitching system, to thereby facilitate to distinguish a failure pointupon occurrence of failure.

There is provided a portable telephone system including a switchingsystem, a plurality of radio base stations connected to the switchingsystem through transmission path and installed in each area, portabletelephones connected to the radio base station by means of a part of aplurality of channels on radio transmission path, and arrangementmanagement means connected to the switching system to designate functionused in the radio base stations on line, to thereby control thearrangement in accordance with traffic flexibly.

Further, the present invention provides various portable telephonesystems in order to realize better services.

For example, according to the portable telephone system including aswitching system, a plurality of radio base stations for n-th routeinstalled in each area and connected through n-th (where n is a naturalnumber satisfying k≠n∩m≧n≧1) duplicate optical fiber transmission pathdifferent from k-th (where k is a natural number satisfying k≠n∩m≧n≧1)duplicate optical fiber transmission path, of k-th to m-th (where m is anatural number satisfying m≧2) routes, and portable telephones connectedto the radio base station through radio transmission path, the radiobase station for n-th route being arranged in an area adjacent to aradio base station of a route different from the n-th route, a distancebetween the switching system and the radio base station is long butsince transmission is made by the duplicate optical fiber transmissionpaths, the reliability of transmission is improved. Further, even iffailure occurs within one route, the portable telephone system for otherroute can be utilized by an adjacent area.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a physicalstructure of the whole portable telephone system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an idea of communication inthe portable telephone system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an ER model of the portabletelephone system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a logical configuration of anetwork of the portable telephone network;

FIGS. 5A to 5C are block diagrams illustrating a physical arrangement ofa first radio access function portion and a second radio access functionportion;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a network between BS and BSCusing optical fibers;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a network between BS and BSCusing optical fibers;

FIGS. 8A to 8C are block diagrams illustrating a structure of ONU;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of SLT;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a position registrationsystem;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process procedure of the positionregistration process made by PS;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an arrangementof BS;

FIGS. 13 to 13C are block diagrams illustrating configuration of a linecorrespondence speed conversion function portion of BSC;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating configuration of BSC;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating configuration of BS;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating configuration of BSM;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating a protocol conformed by theportable telephone system;

FIG. 18 is a sequence diagram illustrating position registrationsequence of the portable telephone system;

FIG. 19 is a sequence diagram illustrating call set-up sequence of theportable telephone system;

FIG. 20 is a sequence diagram illustrating incoming call receptionsequence of the portable telephone system;

FIG. 21 is a sequence diagram illustrating channel switching sequence ofthe portable telephone system;

FIG. 22 is a sequence diagram illustrating termination and disconnectionsequence of the portable telephone system;

FIG. 23 is a sequence diagram illustrating police and fire callingsequence of the portable telephone system;

FIG. 24 is a sequence diagram illustrating notification sequence ofcalling ID of the portable telephone system;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a connection formof PS and data terminal;

FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a maintenanceoperation system of the portable telephone system;

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating correspondence of operationsystems and management works;

FIGS. 28A and 28B are schematic diagrams illustrating transfer systemsof maintenance and operation data;

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating transfer paths of failureinformation detected by BS and BSC;

FIG. 30 is a flowchart illustrating process performed by BS upondetection of failure;

FIG. 31 is a sequence diagram illustrating sequence of automaticoutgoing connection test;

FIG. 32 is a sequence diagram illustrating sequence of automaticincoming connection test;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram illustrating loop point in loop backtest;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram illustrating observation points andtransfer path of traffic data;

FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of service orderand installation test function;

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of BS opening testfunction;

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram illustrating a form of radio basestation;

FIGS. 38A and 38B are schematic diagrams illustrating mounting forms ofradio base station;

FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram illustrating a form of radio basestation;

FIGS. 40A and 40B are schematic diagrams illustrating mounting forms ofradio base station;

FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram illustrating mounting form of radio basestation;

FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram illustrating services provided by theportable telephone system to user;

FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram illustrating services provided by theportable telephone system to user;

FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram illustrating services provided by theportable telephone system to user;

FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram illustrating services provided by theportable telephone system to user;

FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram illustrating services provided by theportable telephone system to user;

FIG. 47 is a schematic diagram illustrating services provided by theportable telephone system to user; and

FIGS. 48A and 48B are schematic diagrams illustrating services providedby the portable telephone system to user.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the portable telephone system according to the presentinvention are now described.

1. The whole configuration of the portable telephone system according tothe embodiment is now de scribed.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the whole physicalconfiguration of the portable telephone system according to theembodiment.

In FIG. 1, numeral 1 denotes portable telephones (hereinafter referredto as "PS"), 2 radio base stations (hereinafter referred to as "BS"), 3base station controllers (hereinafter referred to as "BSC"), 4 localswitching systems (hereinafter referred to as "LS"), 5 tandem switchingsystems, 6 and 9 channel signalling networks, 7 a service control point(hereinafter referred to as "SCP"), and 8 a network center. In FIG. 1,SMS represents a service management system.

In such a system, each of the BS's 2 serves to communicate with the PS's1 existing within a predetermined area. The PS 1 and the BS 2 areconnected by a radio signal. Each of the PS's 1 registers its ownposition in the SCP 7 through the BS 2. The PS 1 sets a call by means ofthe BS 2 positioned near the PS 1 by radio. When the BS 2 receives thecall from the PS 1, the BS 2 transmits the call to the LS 4 through theBSC 3. The LS 4 informs the SCP 7 of a position of a called PS andobtains route information from the SCP 7 to the called PS to route thecall to the called PS.

A general idea of communication in the portable telephone systemaccording to the embodiment is now described with reference to FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, the portable telephone system according to theembodiment has the following distinctive features as compared with aconventional network accommodating fixed wire terminals.

1 Registration of Position

Position information of a moving PS terminal (a point to be called whenthere is an incoming call to a terminal), that is, an access point toradio access function within the network is registered and controlled inresponse to movement of the terminal.

The access point is hereinafter referred to as "NRA (Network RoutingAddress)". As a unit of the NRA registered and controlled as theposition information, there are a first system in which the BS 2 is usedas a unit and a second system in which a group of BS's 2 is used as aunit, while the BS group unit of the second system is used in theembodiment in consideration of a traffic of the position registration. Afunction that a plurality of BS's are called simultaneously is provided.

2 Authentication of Terminal

In the portable telephone system, since the PS 1 is moved,authentication by a machine number (MSI) capable of specifying aterminal uniquely is required in addition to a subscriber number (PSN)of the radio terminal. In the embodiment, a function that the terminalis authenticated is provided in the network.

3 Management of Correspondence between Individual and Terminal

In order to communicate with a called person regardless of a position ofthe called person, it is desirable to assign a personal number or apersonal telecommunication number (PTN) to each individual andcommunicate with the called person by means of the personaltelecommunication number. To this end, in the embodiment, the subscribernumber (PSN) of the terminal corresponds to the PTN of the individualand the correspondence therebetween is managed. A system in which aplurality of PTN's are assigned to an individual is considered.

4 Authentication of Individual

In order to realize the management 3 of the correspondence between theindividual and the terminal, it is necessary in view of the security toverify whether the calling person or the called person is the individualhimself corresponding to the terminal or not.

Entities necessary for the above functions and the relation among theentities are shown as an ER model in FIG. 3.

A configuration of the network of the portable telephone system is nowdescribed.

A logical configuration of the network is shown in FIG. 4.

This configuration includes a first radio access function portion 42 anda second radio access function portion 41 in addition to functionportions (a wire access function portion 43, a transmission functionportion 44, a service control function portion 45, a service managementfunction portion 46, a network operation function portion 47 and aservice operation function portion 48) of the conventional networkaccommodating fixed wire terminals. In the embodiment, the functionportions 42 and 41 are provided subsequently to the wire access functionportion 43 provided hitherto. This considers the affinity with theexisting network. Further, function is added or modified to otherfunction portions than the first and second radio access functionportions.

Functions of the function portions different from the conventionalnetwork are now described.

First of all, the second radio access function portion 41 is described.

The second radio access function portion 41 has the following functions.

1 Simultaneous Calling

The PS is called up upon an arrival of an incoming call by using a PCH(simultaneous calling channel) of a radio section.

The first radio access function portion 42 is now described.

The first radio access function portion 42 has the following functions.

1 Control of Radio Line

Management of idle and busy state of radio channel

2 Data Management of Radio Terminal

Data management of radio terminal such as stop of calling operation

3 Authentication of Terminal

Management of correspondence between the PSN and the MSI andimplementation of the authentication procedure to the terminal

4 Simultaneous Calling

Simultaneous calling upon arrival of an incoming call of radiotermination function in a position registration area

Added or modified functions to the transmission function portion 44 isnow described.

1 Number Translation Routing

Identification of the PSN number and routing to an access to servicecontrol and called radio access

Added or modified functions to the service control function portion 45are now described.

1 Conversion of Logical Number

Conversion from PSN to a routing address

2 Management of Position Information

Modification of the routing address by the position registration signal

3 Details of Charges

Preparation of raw information (calling and called address, meteringindex, connection time, etc.) for details of charges

Added or modified functions to the service control function portion 46are now described.

1 Processing of Subscriber Data

Management of data (screening or the like) relative to the subscribersuch as control of customers

2 Details of Charges

Preparation of details of charges on the basis of information fromservice control and transfer thereof to the service operation

Added or modified functions to the service operation function portion 48are now described.

1 Management of Charges

2 Service Order

Added or modified functions to the network operation function portion 48are now described.

1 Test

Test of radio access and radio termination function, and connection anddisconnection test with a wire system

2 Traffic

Measurement of traffic such as outgoing and incoming calls, registrationof calling and called positions and the like

The foregoing description has described the logical configuration of thenetwork.

When such a logical network is mapped on the physical network, threetypes of arrangements of the first radio access function portion 42 andthe second access function portion 41 are considered as shown in FIGS.5A to 5C.

FIGS. 5A to 5C show an extracted connection relation of BS2, LS4 and SCPin each of the arrangements. In FIGS. 5A to 5C, OPS represents anoperation system.

FIG. 5A shows an arrangement a in which one BS is selected as a BSmaster (BSM) from a group of BS's and the BS master has the function ofcontrolling BS's. In this arrangement, since the BS's 3 and the LS's 4are connected directly when the existing LS's are used, there is a casewhere it is necessary to provide to the LS4 the function of data rate orspeed conversion and change-over of channel in communication wheninterface of BS 3 is different from that of the LS 4.

FIG. 5B shows an arrangement b in which the BS controller (BSC) forcontrolling BS is externally provided to LS 4. According to thisarrangement, since interface of BS 3 and LS 4 can be matched by BSC 3,the existing LS can be used as it is.

FIG. 5C shows an arrangement c in which the radio access function ismerged into the LS switching system. According to this arrangement,.theexisting LS can not be used as it is, while there is a merit thatduplication of facilities is less.

The portable telephone system according to the present invention is nowdescribed by taking the arrangement b in which the existing LS can beused as it is as an example. Further, an ISDN switching system isassumed for the existing LS 4 used in the arrangement b.

The whole configuration of the portable telephone system shown in FIG. 1shows the arrangement b. Physical mapping positions of the functionsshown in FIG. 4 in the arrangement b are shown in Table 1.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                            Charge                                Function     PS                                                                              BS   BSC  LS   NSP  NSSP Center                                __________________________________________________________________________    Control of Radio Line                                                                      ◯                                                                   (Release                                                                           (Switching                                                               Control)                                                                           Control)                                                                 ◯                                                                      ◯                                             Radio Terminal Data ◯                                                                           ◯                                   Authentication of Terminal                                                                        ◯                                                                           ◯                                   Simultaneous Calling                                                                         (Radio                                                                             (Plural                                                                  section)                                                                           BS's)                                                                    ◯                                                                      ◯                                             Number Translation/      ◯                                        Routing                                                                       Logical Number Conversion     ◯                                   Sending of Position                                                                        ◯                                                    Registration Signal                                                           Position Information          ◯                                   Management                                                                    Sending of Detailed      (Upon                                                                              (Upon P                                                                            Charge                                     Charges                  Fixed                                                                              Incoming)                                                                          Center                                                              Incoming)                                                                          ◯                                                                      ◯                                                       ◯                                        Management of Detailed                  ◯                         Charges                                                                       Subscriber Data               ◯                                                                      (Customer                                  Processing                         Control)                                                                      ◯                              Switch Function                                                                              ◯                                                                      ◯                                                                      ◯                                        __________________________________________________________________________

2. Configuration of Network between BS and LS

The configuration of the network between BS and BSC is now described.

It is considered that an existing metallic configuration network is usedas a basis for the network configuration between BS 2 and BSC 3, whilein this case it is difficult to cope with the following points.

1 Greatly increased demand for portable telephones

2 Existence of locally heavy traffic areas such as stations, thevicinity of bus terminals, business quarters and the like

3 Coping with temporarily increased traffic due to events (for example,large exhibition, sports meeting, concert and the like)

In order to cope with the above points, it is desirable that increase ofBS's, provision of a movable network or disposition of BS's having largecapacity is attained and the network in which a necessary number of CH'sare assigned in accordance with necessity in each of BS's by remotecontrol is structured. Thus, in the embodiment, the network between BS 2and BSC 3 is structured by the network (hereinafter referred to as "FTTZ(Fiber To The Zone)" using optical fiber which is easy to construct thenetwork.

There is a report (Nikkei Communications, Aug. 27, 1990) that thesubscriber network using the optical fiber is commercially realized fromthe viewpoint of price by two telephone lines of the current metallicsystem or one ISDN line (2B+D), and it is expected that the network iseconomically advantageous.

FIG. 6 shows a configuration of the FTTZ.

As shown in FIG. 6, the FTTZ provided by the embodiment includes an SLT(Subscriber Line Terminal) 61 connected between the BSC 3 and opticalfibers 62 and having O/E conversion and E/O conversion function, and thetransmission paths of the BSC 3 are led to the BS areas through twooptical fibers (duplicate structure is attained for high reliability ofthe system). An optical branch device (star coupler) 65 is disposed inthe BS area or in the vicinity thereof to branch signals from theoptical fiber 62 and each of the BS's is connected to the optical branchdevice through a single optical fiber 64. Further, each of the BS'sincludes an optical transmission line termination device or opticalnetwork unit (ONU) for terminating the optical fiber and interfacingwith the BS.

As described above, with the duplicate structure of the optical fibers62 which must be built a long distance, when one of the optical fibersis failed, the other optical fiber can be used to continuecommunication.

The optical fiber having a large capacity can be used to structure aflexible system as compared with metallic cable. That is, by changingthe allocation of time slots on the optical fibers 62 and themultiplicity of frequency in accordance with increase and movement ofBS, disposition of a large-capacity BS and allocation of the number ofchannel for each BS, flexible system can be structured.

In the embodiment, the FTTZ supports the service 2B+D and 23B+D (namedthe narrow band service) of I.430 and I.431 of the CCITT recommendation.

In the structure of the FTTZ shown in FIG. 6, it is not sufficient thatthe star coupler 65 is not duplicated.

As shown in FIG. 7, it is desirable that adjacent BS cell (area coveredby each BS) is connected to the optical coupler and devices of anotherroute, so that it is prevented that the whole area is failed due topartial failure.

Thus, even if the star coupler 65 is failed, communication insubstantially all area can be ensured through the adjacent BS's.

The ONU for terminating the optical fiber and interfacing BS is nowdescribed.

The ONU is an optical network termination unit which is disposed betweenthe BS 2 and the optical fiber 64 and provides the ISDN (2B+D, 23B+D)service by T point interface of I.430 prescribed in CCITT.

As shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of signals to the ONU are time-divisionmultiplied in the optical signals from the SLT 61 to the ONU. The ONU 1selects a signals in the designated time slot from the received opticalsignals and outputs the selected signal to the BS 2 as an electricsignal. On the other hand, the ONU 1 stores the signal from the BS 2 inthe designated time slot and sends it to the SLT 61 as an opticalsignal.

An example of a configuration of the ONU is shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C andmain functions of the ONU are described in Table 2. FIGS. 8A to 8C showtop, side and plan views of the ONU, respectively.

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Item                                                                          Number                                                                            Item           ONU1-1  ONU1-2  ONU1-3                                     __________________________________________________________________________    1   Available Services                                                                           2 B + D 2 B + D × 2                                                                     H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                     and Number     (CCITT I.430)                                                                         (CCITT I.430)                                                                         (6n + m ≦ 23)                           (T Point Interface)                                                                          64 Kb/s or                                                                            64 Kb/s × 2                                                                     (CCITT I.431)                                                 128 Kb/s                                                                              or      192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                           (TTC JT-I430-8)                                                                       128 Kb/s × 2                                                                    384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                   (TTC JT-I430-8)                                                                       768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                            2   Trans-                                                                            Transmission Medium                                                                      Single  Same as Left                                                                          H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                     mission        Mode Fiber      (6n + m ≦ 23)                           System                         (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Transmission Wave-                                                                       1.3 μm                                                                             "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                         length     Band            (6n + m ≦ 23)                                                          (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Transmission Code                                                                        NRZ Scrambled                                                                         "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                                    bipolar (binary (6n + m ≦ 23)                                          value)          (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Transmission Speed                                                                       28.2624 Kb/s                                                                          "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                                                    (6n + m ≦ 23)                                                          (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Up/Down Multiplexing                                                                     TCM (Time com-                                                                        "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                         Method     pression        (6n + m ≦ 23)                                          multiplex)      (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Service Multiplexing                                                                     TDM     "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                         Method                     (6n + m ≦ 23)                                                          (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Inter-Subscriber                                                                         Up TDMA/Down                                                                          "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                         Multiplexing Method                                                                      TDM             (6n + m ≦ 23)                                                          (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                                    Service providing                                                                        1.5 μm WDM                                                                         "       H11/D or nH.sub.0 + mB + D                         Method                     (6n + m ≦ 23)                                                          (CCITT I.431)                                                                 192 Kb/s, 256 KG/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s,                                                           768 Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s                                                           or 1536 Kb/s                                                                  (TTC JT-I431.a)                            __________________________________________________________________________

In Table 2, the ONU1-1 offers a set of CCITT I.430, the ONU1-2 offerstwo sets of CCITT I.430, and the ONU1-3 provides a set of CCITT I.431.

An example of a configuration of the SLT 61 is shown in FIG. 9 and mainfunctions thereof are described in Tables 3 and 4.

                  TABLE 3                                                         ______________________________________                                        Item                                                                          Number                                                                              Item        Specification      Notes                                    ______________________________________                                        1     V Point     4     4M PM Code                                                  Interface   M     (4.096 Mb/s)                                                            V                                                                             S     150 M                                                                   T     (155.52 Mb/s)                                                           M                                                                             |                                                                    1                                                           2     Line        4     1430:16HW/Frame (900                                        Accommoda-  M        Subscribers)                                             tion        V     1431:96HW/Frame (480                                        Capacity             Subscribers)                                                         S     1HW/SYS (75 Subscribers)                                                T     (In Conversion of                                                       M     24 B Services per                                                       |                                                                          Subscriber)                                                             1                                                           3     Clock       Reception Clock 64K + 8K                                          Interface   Compound Bipolar                                            4     Service     2B + D                                                            Setting     (Service Setting Function                                         Capacity    by Provisions of CCITT                                                        I.430)                                                                        64 Kb/s or 128 Kb/Exclu-                                                      sive Line (Service                                                            Setting Function by                                                           Provisions of TTC JT-                                                         I430-a)                                                                       H.sub.11 /D or nHo + mB + D                                                   (6n + m ≦ 23) (Service                                                 Setting Function by                                                           Provisions of CCITT                                                           I.431)                                                                        192 Kb/s, 256 Kb/s,                                                           384 Kb/s, 512 Kb/s, 768                                                       Kb/s, 1024 Kb/s or 1536                                                       Kb/s (Service Setting                                                         Function by Provisions of                                                     TTC JT-I431-a                                               5     Available   Per Subscriber                                                    Service     (per N-ONU1)                                                      Capacity    Max. 24 × B                                                             Ave. 12 × B                                           ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 4                                                         ______________________________________                                        Item                                                                          Number                                                                              Item      Specification     Notes                                       ______________________________________                                        9     Loop Test Loop Back Test of Correspond-                                                                   (OSUI: Optical                                    Function  ing to subscriber Subscriber                                                  N-ONUI Loop Back Test                                                                           Unit)                                       10    Monitoring                                                                              On-Line Test                                                        Function of                                                                             FTS Pattern Collation                                               Interior of                                                                             Vertical parity Collation                                           Apparatus                                                               11    Redundant Duplex and Hot Standby System                                                                   (OSUI: Optical                                    Structure 1(active) + 1(standby)                                                                          Subscriber                                                  a) V Point Interface Unit                                                                       Unit)                                                       b) Subscriber Unit (OSUI)                                                     c) Clock Unit                                                                 d) Monitor Control Unit                                       ______________________________________                                    

3. Position Registration System

The position registration system of the portable system according to theembodiment is now described.

In order to perform the call connection control (incoming callprocessing) to the PS1, the PS1 is required to perform detection andregistration (position registration) of the current area to the network.

As described above, in the embodiment, since a unit of NRA is used as aunit of the BS group, the PS1 detects the BS 2 group which covers anarea in which the PS1 is present and registers the detected BS group inthe network.

FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the position registration systemscollectively.

In the embodiment, in the system shown in FIG. 10, the positionregistration unit is the BS group unit as described above. Opportunityfor position registration is given manually and automatically.Opportunity of sending the position registration signal from the BSC 3to the LS 4 is made instantaneously when the position registration isrequested by the BS 2. Position information is always stored in a database 91 of the SCP 7. Further, in order to avoid excessive concentrationof the position registration, the registration is simultaneouslyrestricted on the basis of the number of registration per a unit time.

When the position registration is made in response to manualinstructions of a person carrying the PS 1 as the opportunity ofposition registration, the network can not understood the position ofthe PS 1 and can not transmit an incoming call if the positionregistration indication is not made each time the person carrying the PS1 is moved. Thus, it is necessary for the PS itself to detect thecurrent area and to make the position registration request. As a systemin which the PS 1 makes the position registration automatically, thereis considered a system in which the PS itself makes registrationautomatically when a boundary of the area covered by the BS 2 group iscrossed, while when the PS terminal is taken into a car and is moved athigh speed together with the car, a frequency of crossing the boundaryof the area covered by the BS 2 group is increased. When the boundary ofthe area covered by the BS 2 group is crossed, heavy traffic forposition registration occurs in the network.

In the embodiment, the automatic position registration of the PS 1 ismade by the following system.

FIG. 11 shows the position registration procedure made by the PS 1.

The PS 1 receives BCCH transmitted by m BS's (m radio zones) in thesimultaneous calling area (area covered by the BS group andcorresponding to the position registration unit) and prepares a BS map(101, 102, 103). The BS map shows an arrangement of BS's whichtransmitted BCCH's in order of a reception level of the BCCH received bythe PS 1.

After the above process is repeatedly made n times at intervals of apredetermined time, combinations of BS's in the prepared BS maps arecompared. When the contents thereof are varied largely, the positionregistration is not made and "unregistered indication" is made (113).After a fixed time, the processes (101, 102 and 103) are resumed (105).

On the other hand, when variation of the combination of BS in the BS mapis small, the simultaneous calling area in which the PS 1 itself existsis judged on the basis of the received BCCH of the BS and a final BS mapis prepared (106, 107).

When the judged simultaneous calling area is different from the arearegistered at the last time, the BS having the best reception state (orBS having an idle control channel and capable to communicating with) isselected from the BS map and the position registration signal istransmitted (108, 109).

While monitoring BS selected in (109) (or monitoring BS in the mapsuccessively), an intermittent reception mode is entered to become awaiting state for a request of an incoming call. When the receptionlevel of BS is lowered, the process returns to the processes startingfrom the (101). The reception level of a plurality of BS's (BS in themap has preference) is monitored and collation with the BS map is made.

On the other hand, when the position in the area judged newly in (106)is identical with the simultaneous calling area registered at the lasttime in the last judgment, the position registration is not made and theBS to be registered is changed to the BS in the updated BS map to becomein the waiting state (104).

The arrangement of BS's as shown in FIG. 12, for example, is assumed bythe position registration procedure. If change of the higher-rank BS'sby a moving speed and a reception power (distance from BS) of the PS isreceived at intervals of five seconds as shown in Table 5 and the BS mapis prepared repeatedly five times (n=5) in order of the field intensity,the position registration form the PS moving at a speed of 20 km/h ormore can be removed form combination of the higher-rank two to threeBS's. When the PS moving at a low speed enters the area (or turns on thepower supply), the PS is newly registered after 25 seconds.

                  TABLE 5                                                         ______________________________________                                        Passing Time                                                                  A → B        C → D                                              Moving  Between             Between                                           Speed   BS's      Area      BS's   Area                                       ______________________________________                                        40 Km/h 25.5 sec. 156.1 sec.                                                                              18 sec 118.8 sec.                                 20 Km/h 50.9 sec. 312.2 sec.                                                                              36 sec.                                                                              237.6 sec.                                  4 Km/h 254.6 sec.                                                                              1560.8 sec.                                                                             180 sec.                                                                              1188 sec.                                 ______________________________________                                        A → B Combination of Higher Rank and Number of                         Times of Continuity                                                           Measurement         Measurement                                               every 5 sec.        every 10 sec.                                                     Only      1-st and  Only    1-st and                                  Moving  Highest   2-nd      Highest 2-nd                                      Speed   Rank      Rank*.sup.1                                                                             Rank    Rank                                      ______________________________________                                        40 Km/h  5-6 times                                                                              1-2 times 2-3 times                                                                             once                                      20 Km/h 10-11 times                                                                             2-3 times 5-6 times                                                                             1-2 times                                  4 Km/h 50 or more                                                                              14        25 or more                                                                            7                                         ______________________________________                                        C → D Combination of Higher Rank and                                   Number of Times of Continuity                                                 Measurement         Measurement                                               every 5 sec.        every 10 sec.                                                     Only      1-st and  Only   1-st and                                   Moving  Highest   2-nd      Highest                                                                              2-nd                                       Speed   Rank      Rank*.sup.1                                                                             Rank   Rank                                       ______________________________________                                        40 Km/h  3-5 times                                                                              1-2 times 2 times                                                                              once                                       20 Km/h  7-9 times                                                                              3-4 times 3-5 times                                                                            1-2 times                                   4 Km/h 35-50 times                                                                             -20       -20    -10                                        ______________________________________                                         *.sup.1 Case where order of 1st and 2nd rank is replaced is included. Whe     the order is considered, the number of times of continuity is about 1/2. 

However, the moving speed and the direction of the person carrying thePS 1 is actually complex. For example, the moving speed of the PS in acar is largely varied due to a signal and a traffic snarl. Further, apropagation state of electric wave is varied due to fading or the likeand the intensity of received electric field is varied due to thecircumferential state even if the PS is stopped.

In order to prevent the position registration during stop by a stopsignal, an interval for measurement and the number of times formeasurement may be increased (for example, the interval×the number oftimes>2 minutes), while it is desirable that the interval and the numberof times for measurement and the number of BS's (m) are set inaccordance with a use state of the PS and a circumferential state.

In order to avoid excessive manual registration, the positionregistration is not made instantaneously in response to the manualregistration indication and the interval and the number of times formeasurement are made smaller in response to the manual registrationindication as compared with the automatic registration so that themanual registration operation is started.

In addition to the automatic position registration system according tothe embodiment described above, a system provided with a function ofmanaging position information of PS 1 in the BS 2 and attaining theposition registration by polling to the PS 11 from the BS 2 is alsoconsidered.

In this manner, the position information of the registered PS 1 ismanaged by the SCP 7. The SCP 7 converts a routing address (NRA) in thenetwork from PSN to PS corresponding to PSN.

There is a case where a plurality of SCP's are provided due toconditions of the process depending on an arrangement of the network.

In such a case, a system in which the whole position information ismanaged (duplication) by each of the SCP's and a system for unitarilymanaging (division) the whole position information by a specific SCP canbe adopted.

Table 6 shows management information, position registration, dataaccess, data amount, and necessity of data synchronization of aplurality of SCP's 7 in both of the systems.

                                      TABLE 6                                     __________________________________________________________________________            Unitary Management          Unitary Management                                by SCP (Duplicate)          by SCP (Division)                         __________________________________________________________________________    Management Information                                                                 ##STR1##                                                                                                  ##STR2##                                 Position                                                                              Inform Plural SCP's         Inform Home-side SCP's                    Registration                                                                          (Inform between SCP's)      (Inform between SCP's)                    Data Access                                                                           Access to near SCP          Access to Home-side SCP                                                       (communication between                                                        SCP's)                                    Amount of Data                                                                        Memory Capacity for All     Only PSN of own Area                              PSN's is required.                                                    Data    Required                    Not Required                              Synchronization                                                               __________________________________________________________________________

The portable telephone system according to the embodiment is required tomanage data for outgoing and incoming call to the PS 1 and theauthentication of terminal upon the position registration, while as thedata management system, three systems of a management system by SCP 7, amanagement system by home BSC 3 and a management system by BSC 3 in theduplicate manner can be adopted.

                                      TABLE 7                                     __________________________________________________________________________    SCP Management          Home BSC Management                                                                             BSC Management                      __________________________________________________________________________                                              (duplicate)                         Management Place                                                                     ##STR3##                                                                                        ##STR4##                                                                                        ##STR5##                           Authenti-                                                                           Access to SCP from                                                                              Access to SCP from                                                                              Processable by BSC's                cation                                                                              BSC               BSC                                                   Method                                                                              (via Packet/LS-Via                                                            Common Line)                                                            Customer                                                                            Customer → SMS →                                                                  Customer-BSC-Home Customer-BSC-Each of                Control                                                                             SCP               BSC               BSC's                               (Service                                                                      Data)                                                                         Data  Not Required      Not Required      Required to be Synchronized         Synchroni-                                                                          (Writing to Backup                  to Plural BSC to be                 zation                                                                              NSP Required)                       Updated                             Signal                                                                              Common Line       Signal Source     Signal Network Between              Transfer                Between BSC's     BSC's (Mesh or No. 7)                                       (Mesh or No. 7)                                       __________________________________________________________________________

4. Interface between BS 2 and BSC 3

An interface between the BS 2 and the BSC 3 is now described.

As described above, in the embodiment, the ISDN switching system isassumed as the LS 4.

Accordingly, the interface between the LS 4 and the BSC 3 is the Iinterface which conforms to the ISDN.

In the embodiment, an interface between the BS 2 and the BSC 3 is alsothe I interface.

4-a. Interface of Speech Data

An interface of speech data is now described.

In the embodiment, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of lines,the speech channel between the PS 1 and the BS is 32 kb/s ADPCM and Bchannel of 2B+D channels provided by the I interface between the BS 2and the BSC 3 is divisionally used (32 kb/s ADPCM×2, 16 kb/s ADPCM×2+32kb/s ADPCM×1, etc.). The speech channels having two lines or more aresecured by 2B+D between the BS 2 and the BSC 3. When the service thatdata having low bit rate is transmitted in the end-to-end manner withthe digital representation is provided, the subchannel can be used forthe service.

The divisional use of the B channel is now described.

In order to make the divisional use of the B channel, it is necessary toinform the arrangement of sub-channel in the B channel between the BSand the BSC.

An identifier used for this information is now described.

As a system of designating the sub-channel in the B channel inaccordance with the expansion system of CCITT recommendation Q.931, asshown in Table 8, there are considered a system (expansion of channelidentifier in Table 6) in which an information element for performingindication of the divisional use and indication of identification of thesub-channel is expanded in a channel identifier in a message transmittedand received between the BS 2 and the BSC 3 and the sub-channel isdesignated and a system (addition of sub-channel identifier in Table 8)in which an information element for identifying the sub-channel is newlydefined as a network inherent information element and the informationelement is incorporated in the message to be used to designate thesub-channel. However, in the channel identifier expansion system, it isnecessary to modify existing information element.

                                      TABLE 8                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Expansion of Channel Identifier                                                                           Addition of Sub-Channel identifier                __________________________________________________________________________    Summary                                                                             ##STR6##                                                                                             ##STR7##                                         Features                                                                           Modification of Current Coding                                                                       Definition is Easy as Network                                                 Inherent Information Element                           Expansion of Map is Required Upon                                                                    Message Length is Slightly longer                      Use of 23 B + D in BS  than Plan 1                                       __________________________________________________________________________

The designation sequence of the speech channel upon arrival of anincoming call is now described.

As a system of designation sequence of the speech channel upon arrivalof an incoming call, as shown in Table 9, there are considered a systemin which designation is made on the side of BS 2 and a system in whichdesignation is made on the side of BSC 3. However, in the system inwhich designation is made on the side of BSC 3, since the channel isdesignated to set up the incoming call, there is a possibility thatunavailable holding of the channel occurs upon simultaneous calling ofBS.

                                      TABLE 9                                     __________________________________________________________________________    Plan 1                      Plan 2                                            BS Side Designation         BSC Side Designation                              __________________________________________________________________________    Sequence Upon Incoming Call                                                         ##STR8##                                                                                             ##STR9##                                         Features                                                                           Useful Utilization     Since Channels are                                     of B Channel is Possible                                                                             Reserved and held for all                                                     BS's upon Simultaneous                                                        Calling of BS, Invalid                                                        holding of B Channel                                                          Occurs until PS Responds                                                      and Only 4 Incoming Calls                                                     can be established for one                                                    BS group simultaneously.                          __________________________________________________________________________

The speed conversion method of B channel in the BSC 4 is now described.

In the ISDN switching system 4, since switching is made at a speed of 64kb/s basically, it is necessary that the BSC 4 converts 32 and 16 kbsADPCM data on the sub-channel into 64 kb/s PCM data to deliver theconverted data to the ISDN switching system 4. Further, the oppositeoperation to this operation is also required.

When the possibility that the PS's 1 and terminals having different datarate are mixed in the same BS is considered, it is desirable, thatconversion of 64 kPCM and 32 kADPCM and 64 kPCM and 16 kADPCM isdynamically implemented for each call.

FIGS. 13A to 13C schematically illustrate three examples of linecorrespondence speed conversion function portion of the BSC 4.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 13A, in the BSC 4, a speed conversioncircuit 1401 is provided before a digital switch 1402 of 64 kb/s foreach line and data rate of each sub-channel is converted into 64 kb/sbit by the speed conversion circuit 1401.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 13B, in the BSC 4, a multiple switchcapable of exchange of sub-rate data of 64 kb/s or less (8 kb/s, 16kb/s, 32 kb/s) is adopted in a digital switch 1403 and trunks 1404 an1405 having different functions of 32 kADPCM⃡64 kPCM and 16 KADPCM←→64kPCM are provided behind the switch. Low-bit rate channels from the BS 2are classified for each speed by the multiple switch 1403 to beconnected to associated trunks 1404 and 1405, so that each bit rate isconverted into 64 kb/s and is switched by the multiple switch 1403 againto send to the ISDN switching system.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 13C, a multiple switch 1407 capableof exchange of sub-rate data of 64 kb/s or less (8 kb/s, 16 kb/s, 32kb/s) and common trunks 1407 including various individual trunks 1409and 1410 are provided behind a digital switch 1406 of 64 kb/s. Thesub-rate exchange and speed conversion are made in the common trunk 1407and are exchanged in the digital switch 1406 again to send to the ISDNswitching system.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 13A, since it is necessary that thespeed conversion portion 1401 copes with all speed conversion, an amountof hardwares for one line is increased. In the configuration shown inFIG. 13B, the number of accommodation in the multiple switch is largeand a scale or structure is made large. In the configuration shown inFIG. 13C, since the multiple switch 1408 is accommodated on the side ofthe trunk 14078, the number of accommodation in the multiple switch issmall and flexible process is possible.

Table 10 shows features of each of the configurations.

                                      TABLE 10                                    __________________________________________________________________________    a               b           c                                                 __________________________________________________________________________    Switching                                                                          Required for each Line                                                                   Installation of Switching                                                                 Addition of Multi-                                Portion                                                                            Required to Attain All                                                                   Portion for each Function                                                                 Switch to b                                            Switching  Can Install in Accordance                                                                 Amount of Total                                        Increased Amount of                                                                      with Traffic                                                                              Hardware is Medium                                     Total Hardware                                                                           Can Make Compact by                                                                       or Small                                                          Multiplexing Process                                                          Reduced Amount of Total                                                       Hardware                                                      Switch                                                                             Ordinary 64 Kb/s                                                                         Multi-Switch                                                                              Ordinary 64 Kb/s                                       Switch     Increased Amount of                                                                       Switch                                                            Hardware                                                                      Expensive                                                     Flexibility                                                                        Reduced Flexibility                                                                      High Flexibility by                                                                       Same as Left                                      for  Due to Required                                                                          Addition of New Trunk                                         Addition                                                                           Replacement of Switch-                                                   of   ing Portion                                                              Function                                                                      __________________________________________________________________________

4-b. Interface of Control Data (Use D channel)

In the embodiment, the BS 2 is required to multiplex call processingsignals/position registration signal from each of the PS's into the Dchannel of the I interface and communicate with the BSC 3.

As a system of multiplexing signals from the plurality of PS's into thesame D channel, two systems shown in Table 11 are considered.

                                      TABLE 11                                    __________________________________________________________________________              Layer 2 Multiplexing      Layer 3 Multiplexing                      __________________________________________________________________________    Summary                                                                                  ##STR10##                                                                                               ##STR11##                                Correspondence                                                                          Correspondence to TEI     Correspondence to CR                      to PS                               (Calling Number)                          Upon Large-                                                                             Not Applied due to Fixed TEI                                                                            Applicable                                Capacity BS                                                                   (Primary Group:                                                               23B + D)                                                                      Influence Range Upon                                                                    Only 1PS                  All PS's                                  Failure of Link                                                               __________________________________________________________________________

A layer 2 multiplexing system of Table 11 is a system that identifiesthe PS terminal by the layer 2 (TEI: terminal identifier) of the Iinterface. In this system, a correspondence relation between TEI and PSis managed by BS.

However, in the primary group I interface of 23B+D, since TEI is fixedand is equal to 0 (TEI=0), TEI can not be used.

A layer 3 multiplexing system of Table 11 is a system that identifiesthe PS terminal by the layer 3 (CR: call number). TEI between BS 2 andBS 3 is fixed and signals are multiplexed on the same layer 2 link, andthe PS is identified by the call number.

5. Configuration of BS 2 and BSC 3

5-a. Redundant Configuration

In order to avoid malfunction of the system upon occurrence of failure,it is desirable that the configuration for the BS 2 and the BSC 3 isredundant.

However, since the zone of each of the BS 2 is overlapped, influenceupon failure is small with respect to the BS 2. Further, since the areais small, the PS can be easily moved to an adjacent area even uponfailure and a recalling can be made. Accordingly, in the embodiment,redundant configuration is not taken for the BS 2. However, it isdesirable that a proper redundant configuration is taken for the BS 2covering an area requiring the reliability.

On the other hand, With respect to the BSC 3, an area covered by one BSCis broad and the hardware scale is large. Further, since the high-degreeprocesses such as the radio access function 2 and the authenticationprocedure described above are required, failure tends to occur ascompared with the BS 2 and its influence is large.

In the embodiment, the configuration of the BSC 3 is duplicated forreliability.

FIG. 14 shows the configuration of the BSC 3.

As shown in FIG. 14, a portion for performing the radio access function2 and the authentication procedure is duplicated as a common portion 150except the termination portion with the BS 2. Further, the ISDNswitching system connected includes two interfaces 152 and even if oneof the two interfaces is cut, services can be continued.

It is desirable that line interface portions 153 connected to thetermination of the two interfaces 152 on the side of the ISDN switchingsystem 4 are connected to other unit to improve the reliability.

5-b. Synchronous Configuration between BS-BS

In the portable telephone system according to the embodiment, radiocommunication between the BS 2 and the PS 1 is made by ping-pongtransmission (with period of 5 ms) in which transmission and receptionare repeated alternately.

At this time, in order to avoid interference, it is necessary that asynchronization signal is provided between BS-BS and a transmissiontiming of each of the BS's is synchronized with a reception timingthereof.

Two systems shown in Table 12 are considered for a transmission systemof a signal for taking synchronization between BS-BS.

                                      TABLE 12                                    __________________________________________________________________________           BSC Distribution System                                                                      Inter-BS Distribution System (wire)                     __________________________________________________________________________    Configuration                                                                         ##STR12##                                                                                    ##STR13##                                              Transmission                                                                         Since Synchronization Signal                                                                 Transmission Path for Synchronization                   Path Facilities                                                                      is transmitted by I                                                                          Signal is Required                                             Interface, Special                                                                           between BS--BS                                                 Transmission Path is not                                                      Required.                                                              Redundant                                                                            Single         Duplication                                             Structure                                                                            Same Transmission Path as                                                                    Duplication for Master BS is                                   Information Channel.                                                                         Required.                                                      Format for Synchronization                                                                   Transmission Path is also                                      Signal is also made identical.                                                               Duplicated.                                             __________________________________________________________________________

The BSC distribution system of Table 12 is a system that distributes asynchronization signal to each of the BS's from the BSC through the Iinterface. The inter-BS distribution system is a system that decides amaster BS with respect to synchronization and distributes asynchronization signal from the master BS to other BS's by wire.

It is desirable that synchronization between BS-BS is taken not onlybetween BS's under the same BSC 3 but also between BS's under differentBSC 3. In this case, according to the BSC distribution system,synchronization is taken between BS's under different BSC 3 through anetwork such as LS 5. Further, since it is difficult to providesynchronization signal lines among all BS's even in the inter-BSdistribution system, synchronization is taken between BS's underdifferent BSC 3 through a network such as BSC 3.

In the inter-BS distribution system, it is necessary to provide wire fordistribution of the synchronization signal to each BS, while in the BSCdistribution system, the I interface connecting BSC 3 and BS 2 is usedto distribute the synchronization signal. That is, the BSC 3 configuresa multi-frame for prescribing CCITT recommendation I.430 on the Iinterface. The BSC 2 obtains the synchronization signal from the periodof the multi-frame.

A configuration of the BS 2 which synchronizes with the multi-frame fromthe BSC 3 by the BSC distribution system is shown in FIG. 15.

In FIG. 15, numeral 163 denotes an ISDN I-I/F for implementing the Iinterface of the BS 2, 165 and 166 MUX/DEMUX and 4×4 switching gate formultiplexing/demultiplexing and arranging of sub-channel on the Bchannel, respectively, 164 a radio control for controlling a radioportion, 161 a CLK extraction for extracting a clock from the Iinterface, 162 a frame extraction for extracting multi-frame period frommulti-frame on the I interface, and 164 a synchronization timinggeneration for generating various synchronization signals used in theradio portion from the clock extracted by the CLK extraction 161 and theperiod extracted by the frame extraction 162. The radio portion performsping-pong transmission with the PS 1 in synchronism with the period ofthe multi-frame obtained through the synchronization timing generation164.

When the BS 3 takes synchronization between BS's under different BSC 3through the network, the synchronization signal must be transmitted andreceived between the BS 2 and the BSC 3 even when synchronizationbetween BS's is taken by the inter-BS distribution system.

In this case, the BS decided as the master BS obtains thesynchronization signal from the multi-frame from the BSC 3 in the samemanner as FIG. 15 and distributes it to other BS 2.

A configuration of BSM in the case where a physical structure of theportable telephone system is in the form shown in FIG. 5b and in thecase where the BS 3 takes synchronization between BS's under differentBSC 3 through the network is shown in FIG. 16.

As shown in FIG. 16, the BSM includes a BS controller 170 having thefunction of controlling the BS's 2 in addition to the BS shown in FIG.15. The BS controller 170 controls the BS's 2 through BSM I/F's 171 and172. Further, the BS controller includes a frame extraction 173 toextract the multi-frame period, and the extracted period is transmittedto the radio portion in the BSM and transmitted to other BS's throughthe BSM I/F 171.

6. Protocol

The protocol of the portable telephone system according to theembodiment is now described.

FIG. 17 shows a protocol conformed between PS1-BS2, BS2-BSC3, BSC3-LS4and LS4-SCP7.

6-a. Basic Sequence

The position registration sequence, the call set-up sequence, theincoming call reception sequence, the busy channel switching sequence,and the termination and disconnection sequence are schematicallyillustrated in FIGS. 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, respectively.

The busy channel switching is made to switch the BS 2 communicating withthe PS 1 when the PS 1 is moved in the busy state, or the like.

6-b. Sequence for Special Service

(1) Police and Fire Calling

The portable telephone system according to the embodiment has thefollowing functions for calling to the police and the fire station fromthe PS 1.

1 Notification of Calling ID

The BS number and PSN are also informed in addition to the ID added tothe BSC upon calling to the police and the fire station. An informationelement for setting the BS number is added to a message between BSC-LS.The notification sequence of the calling ID is shown later.

2 Recalling Function

When an incoming call is received by the police or the fire station, itis necessary to maintain a channel between the calling party and thepolice or the fire station so that the calling party can be recalledfrom the police or the fire station even if the calling partydisconnects the line.

Accordingly, in the embodiment, the BS 2 has a function of holding radiochannel and a function of making a calling-back to the PS 1.

FIG. 23 schematically illustrates a sequence of the police and firecalling for attaining a recall holding function.

As shown in FIG. 23, the opportunity of starting a hold is adisconnection from the PS 1 terminal after conversation with the policeor the fire station. Although not shown, the opportunity of releasingthe hold is a time out of a holding timer and a disconnection from thepolice or the fire station.

3 Display of Emergency

In the embodiment, an indication is made by an emergency display lamp orthe like upon set-up of the police or fire calling because ofsuppression of a malicious call for the police and improvement ofsecurity (BS can be specified easily when a maintenance person hasarrived at a field).

(2) Notification of Calling ID

Notification of the calling ID used even in processing of the police andfire calling is now described.

Such a notification of the calling ID is required to make display of acalling party to the called party upon personal communication inaddition to the police and fire calling.

In the embodiment, a calling PSN is notified when both of calling andcalled parties are PS, a calling PSN is notified when a calling party isPS and a called party is a fixed wire terminal, and a DN of the fixedwire terminal is notified when a calling party is the fixed wireterminal and a called party is PS.

A notification sequence of the calling ID is schematically illustratedin FIG. 24.

As shown in FIG. 24, in order to display the PSN in a called terminal,there is provided a function of transferring the PSN in the end-to-endmanner. Further, in order to transfer the calling ID and the called IDin the network, there is provided a function of transferring two kindsof numbers.

7. Data Communication Function

The portable telephone system has the primary object that telephoneconversation in the voice communication between the PS's is realizedthrough the public switching network, while in the embodiment dataterminals can be connected to the PS 1, so that data communication isrealized through the PS 1.

A connecting arrangement between the PS 1 and the data terminals isshown in FIG. 25.

In FIG. 25, numeral 270 denotes an error control circuit connectedbetween the PS 1 and the data terminal. The error control circuit 270may be included in the PS 1.

Examples of media communication which can be made as data communicationthrough the PS 1 are described.

1 Data Communication between Personal Computers, Word Processors andElectronic Notes

The PS 1 performs digital transmission of 32 kbps per channel. Thus,when data communication is made between personal computers, wordprocessors and electronic notes, that is, note type computers, RS232C(10.2 kbps) is used as interface between the error control circuit 270and the data terminal 271.

Line quality of bit error rate>10## is sufficient in the voicecommunication, while since better transmission error rate is required inthe data transmission, redundant portion of RS232C is assigned to errorcontrol to improve the transmission error rate in a transmission errorcircuit.

2 Communication with ISDN terminal (G4 facsimile, video telephone)

Since a transmission rate of the ISDN terminal such as a G4 facsimile, avideo telephone and the like is usually 1B=64 kbps, the PS 1 performsdata transmission by 64 kbps corresponding to two sets of 32 kbpschannels upon data communication. The BS 2 transmits data of 64 kbpsthrough the same B channel to the BSC 4. The BSC 4 switches this data tothe LS 4.

However, when transmission error is slight deterioration of dotinformation in an image transmission, the transmission error ispermissible, while it is not permissible if it is a control signal orthe like. Thus, when communication with the ISDN terminal of 64 kbps ismade, error correction is made by retransmission.

When instantaneity is required as in a video telephone, the PS 1 maymake data transmission by three or four 32-kbps channels for voicecommunication in consideration of redundancy by error control.

3 Communication with Radio LAN Terminal

Various radio LAN's have been proposed at the present time, it isanticipated that the transmission rate of the radio LAN terminal isgreatly different from that of the PS 1. Thus, when communicating withthe radio LAN terminal, a conversence function of the transmission rateis provided in the radio LAN or the network.

8. Maintenance and Operation

Maintenance and Operation of the portable telephone system according tothe embodiment are now described.

In the portable telephone system according to the embodiment, fivemanagement works of fault management, performance management,configuration management, account management and security management aremade for maintenance and operation of the system.

In the embodiment, the maintenance and operation system supports theseworks.

8-a. Arrangement of Maintenance and Operation

Arrangement of the maintenance and operation system of the portabletelephone system according to the embodiment is now described.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the maintenance andoperation system of the portable telephone system according to theembodiment.

As shown in FIG. 26, in the embodiment, there are provided a trafficoperation system, a maintenance operation system and a test operationsystem in order to support the management works. Each of the operationsystems performs the management works in correspondence relation shownin FIG. 27. Further, as shown in FIG. 27, the SCP 7 and the SMS alsoperform part of these management works.

In FIG. 26, numeral 2900 denotes the traffic operation system whichincludes a traffic congestion control system 2902 and a trafficmanagement information system 2901. Numeral 2910 denotes a maintenanceoperation system which includes a switching system maintenance supportsystem 2911. Numeral 2920 denotes a test operation system which includesa test access management system 2921 and a failure report receptionsystem 2922.

Numeral 9 denotes a packet network connecting these operating systemswith a monitor and test system 2930 and a common channel signallingnetwork 6. The monitor and test system 2930 is connected through amaintenance intra-office network 2960 and an alarm information transfernetwork 2950 to the ISDN switching system 4 and the BSC 3.

Information required to be transferred within the maintenance andoperation system as maintenance information includes trafficinformation, command message information, test access information andthe like. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 26, two systems shown inFIGS. 28A and 28B are considered as system of transferring variousinformation. A system shown in FIG. 28B uses packet function of the ISDNswitching system and makes access of interface information between theBSC directly through the packet network.

In the embodiment, for convenience of description, description is madeon condition that the system of FIG. 28B is adopted. In FIGS. 28A and28B, DCN represents a data communication network.

8-b. Fault Management Work

The function of the maintenance operation system supporting the faultmanagement work is now described.

In order to support the fault management work, the embodiment providesthe serveillance function and the test and diagnosis function.

8-b-1. Serveillance Function

The serveillance function is now described.

The function is to support a maintenance person to be able to make graspof failure state of communication facilities and rapid and exactmeasures for the failure.

As failure portions of the portable telephone system according to theembodiment, there are considered failure of PS, failure between PS andBS, failure of BS, failure between BS and BSC, failure of BSC, failurebetween BSC and ISDN switching system, failure of the ISDN switchingsystem and the like. Thus, in the embodiment, failure watching is madeby the BS 2, the BSC 3 and the ISDN switching system 4. When a failureis detected in the ISDN switching system 4, failure detection betweenthe BSC and the ISDN switching system is performed.

FIG. 29 schematically illustrates a transfer path of failure informationdetected by the BS 2 and the BSC 3.

As shown in FIG. 29, failures detected in the BS 2 and the BSC 3 arecollected to the BSC 3 and are then informed to a predeterminedoperation system.

In the embodiment, failure watch items watched to detect failure aredescribed.

(1) Failure Serveillance Items in BS

The failure serveillance items in the BS are described in Table 13.

                                      TABLE 13                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Item          Emer-                             Reactionn                                                                            Confirmation           Num-          gency                                                                             Occurrence                                                                            Notification                                                                         Notification                                                                           Failure                                                                             Maintenance                                                                          of                     ber                                                                              Item       Degree                                                                            Factor  Time   Means to BSC                                                                           Process                                                                             Man    Restoration            __________________________________________________________________________    1  AC Power Failure                                                                         High                                                                              AC Power Failure                                                                      After  BSC Notification by                                                                    Notification                                                                        Examine                                                                              Confirmation                             of BS   Predetermined                                                                        ISDN Packet Signal                                                                     of Failure                                                                          Power Supply                                                                         of Restored                                      Time of BS                   Message                2  Func-                                                                            Radio Portion                                                                         High                                                                              Function Failure                                                                      More than                                                                            BSC Notification by                                                                    Notification                                                                        Replace                                                                              Confirm that              tion                                                                             Synchronization                                                                           of BS   Predetermined                                                                        ISDN Packet Signal                                                                     of Failure   Failure                   Block                                                                            Portion             Times           and Stop of  Message is not            Fail-                                                                            Signal Proces-                      Calling      produced                  ure                                                                              sing Portion                        Process                             Control Portion           Detect as Layer 2 Protocol                          I Interface               Error in BSC                                        3  Error of Communication                                                                   Medium                                                                            Function Error                                                                        More than                                                                            BSC Notification by                                                                    Notification                                                                        Search for                                                                           Confirm that              Protocol between PS-BS                                                                       of PS or BS                                                                           Predetermined                                                                        ISDN Packet Signal                                                                     of Failure                                                                          Failure                                                                              Failure Message                                  Times                        is not produced        4  Error Rate Low Noise Superposed                                                                      Predetermined                                                                        BSC Notification by                                                                    Notification                                                                        Search for                                                                           Confirm that                             on Radio                                                                              Rate or More                                                                         ISDN Packet Signal                                                                     of Failure                                                                          Failure                                                                              Failure Message                                                               is not                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                           produced           

In Table 13, with respect to the protocol error between the PS and theBS and the error rate in items 3 and 4, since a path between the PS andthe BS is a radio transmission path and the PS is moved, it isanticipated that there are many cases where states in failure ofcommunication service can not be reproduced. It is necessary to inform acenter of stored failure information periodically with regard to thefailure serveillance items in which failure information such as theprotocol error and the error rate is usually issued after apredetermined number of times of failures have occurred in view of amemory capacity in BS and preventive maintenance of BS. Thus, theembodiment provides the logging function of failure information thatsituation upon occurrence of failure is recorded. The log data includesan identifier of BS, time upon occurrence of failure and failurecontents.

In the embodiment, in accordance with a processing flow upon detectionof failure in BS shown in FIG. 30, when the number of times of failuredetections exceeds a fixed value (3101), the BS transmits failureinformation (3105) and stores the failure information in a log file. Thelog file is transmitted (3104) at a predetermined transfer time (3103).

As methods of transmitting the failure information to the BSC by the BS2, there are considered a method of utilizing B channel packet on the Iinterface and a method of utilizing D channel packet.

In the system utilizing the D channel packet, since the D channel fromthe BS is terminated at the BSC once, there is a possibility thatprocessing load in the processor system in the BSC is very increased atdiffusion term that the BSC accommodates a large amount of BS's. Thus,it is desirable that a so-called frame relay interface is utilized tomake transfer without heavy load to the processor system of the BSC.

(2) Failure Serveillance Items in BSC In the BSC, the quality of atransmission path and the communication procedure are watched ormonitored with respect to the communication between the BS and the BSC.

Table 14 shows failure watch items in the BSC.

                                      TABLE 14                                    __________________________________________________________________________                                            Reaction                                                                            Confirmation                                   Emergency                                                                           Occurrence                                                                          Notification                                                                         Failure                                                                             Maintenance                                                                         of                              Item           Degree                                                                              Factor                                                                              Time   Process                                                                             Man   Restoration                     __________________________________________________________________________    1 Error of Communication                                                                     High  Failure of                                                                          Time-Out of                                                                          Notification                                                                        Separation                                                                          Message of                        Protocol between BS-BS                                                                           LAP-D of                                                                            T203   of Failure                                                                          of Return                                                                           Establishing                                         BS or BSC          of BS Layer 2                         2 Out of Synchronization of                                                                  Low   Noise Super-                                                                        Predetermined                                                                        Notification                                                                        Search for                                                                          Confirmation                      OCU for BS         posed on                                                                            Time or more                                                                         of Failure                                                                          Failure                                                                             of                                                   Transmission             Restoration                                          Path Dis-                Message                                              connection                                                                    of Trans-                                                                     mission                                                                       Medium                                                   3 Function                                                                           Synchronization                                                                       High  Function                                                                            Predetermined                                                                        Notification                                                                        Replacement                                                                         Confirmation                      Block                                                                              Portion       Failure of                                                                          Time or more                                                                         of Failure                                                                          or PKG                                                                              of                                Failure                                                                            Signal Proces-                                                                              BSC                      Restoration                            sing Portion                           Message                                Control Portion     (Detect as Protocol Error of Layer 2 in                   I Interface         ISDN Switching System)                             4 System Down  High  Power        Indication                                                                          Search for                                                                          Confirmation                                         Failure      to Display                                                                          Failure                                                                             of Normal                                                         Panel and   Operation                                                         Notification                                                                              Message                                                           of Failure                                  __________________________________________________________________________

Further, with regard to failure at the BSC 3, it is desirable thatinformation relative to failure is visibly displayed in an alarm displayplate in a BSC installed office indicated by numeral 3200 in FIG. 29.

8-b-2. Test and Diagnosis Function

Test and diagnosis function is now described.

The test and diagnosis function includes three tests of a periodic testfor preventive maintenance of radio line connection, a failureseparating test upon failure report, and a test of various lines andterminals for confirmation of normality.

Table 15 shows a list of test items for various tests.

                                      TABLE 15                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Test         Periodic                                                                          Separation                                                                         Line and                                                Item         Test                                                                              Test Terminal Test                                                                        Notes                                            __________________________________________________________________________    1 Automatic outgoing                                                                       ◯   Use TST, Monitor and Test                          Connection Test            System Testor                                    2 Automatic Incoming                                                                       ◯   Use TST, Monitor and Test                          Connection Test            System Testor                                    3 Manual Outgoing                                                                              ◯                                                                             Use TST, Monitor and Test                          Connection Test            System Testor                                    4 Manual Incoming                                                                              ◯                                                                             Use TST, Monitor and Test                          Connection Test            System Testor                                    5 Voice Channel                                                                            ◯                                                                     ◯                                                                             Use TST                                            Performance Test                                                            6 Interference Wave                                                                        ◯                                                                     ◯                                                                             Use TST                                            Avoidance Test                                                              7 Separation Test                                                                          ◯                                                                     ◯                                                                      ◯                                                                        Use TST                                          8 Monitor Connection Test                                                                           ◯                                                                        Speech Monitor, Dch Monitor                      9 Terminal Calling    ◯                                                                        Use PS, Monitor and Test                           Connection Test            System Testor                                    10                                                                              Terminal Incoming   ◯                                                                        Use PS, Monitor and Test                           Connection Test            System Testor                                    11                                                                              Hand Over Test      ◯                                                                        Use PS                                           12                                                                              Roaming Test        ◯                                                                        Use PS                                           __________________________________________________________________________

Contents of the tests are described.

(1) Periodic Test

The periodic test is a test performed periodically in order to detectfailure of devices, lines and line connection control function at anearly stage. The test is made by opposing a tester of the monitor andtest system to TST (test terminal).

In radio terminals, since the position is moved momently and it isdifficult to perform the follow-up study and analysis by followingfailure occurring situations, the periodic test is important as thepreventive maintenance.

The monitor and test system 2430 includes the function of preengagingthe BS 2 and the radio channel used in the test and can specify the BSand the channel to be tested by specifying the BS 2 and the channel tomake outgoing and incoming test with TST. Further, the loop backfunction of voice signal is provided in the TST to be able to confirmvoice.

The automatic outgoing connection test shown in Table 15 is a test inwhich the loop back function of voice signal is used in the TST tospecify the BS 2 and the channel by the sequence shown in a lowerportion of FIG. 31 in the configuration shown in an upper portion ofFIG. 31 to cause the TST to set up a call to examine the normality ofthe call set-up operation.

The automatic incoming connection test shown in Table 15 is a test inwhich the loop back function of voice signal is used in the TST tospecify the BS 2 and the channel by the sequence shown in a lowerportion of FIG. 31 in the configuration shown in an upper portion ofFIG. 31 to cause the TST to receive an incoming call to examine thenormality of the incoming call reception operation.

(2) Failure Separating Test

The failure separating test is a test for separating a failure portion.

The failure separating test is made when a failure report is issued by asubscriber through the network to the failure report reception system2922 of the test operation system 2920. In this case, the connectionroute to the PS used for the report by the subscriber is not necessarilyidentical with situations upon occurrence of a failure. Accordingly, inthe embodiment, a call connection route and failure information uponoccurrence of a failure are stored in journal information in real timeand the journal information is retrieved upon report of the failure todetect a suspected route. In the suspected route, a loop back test ismade in order to separate failure in the following three sections:

Section of transmission path between BS and BSC

Wire section of BS

Radio section

More particularly, as shown in FIG. 33, the transmission path is loopedback in accordance with an assumed failure point and tests shown in FIG.16 are made in accordance with the loop point.

                                      TABLE 16                                    __________________________________________________________________________         Imple-                                                                   Suspected                                                                          mented                                                                   Range                                                                              Test                                                                              Test Item                                                                           Test Contents                                                                              BS Function                                                                           TST Function                              __________________________________________________________________________    Transmis-                                                                          DSU Pattern                                                                             Conduction Confirmation of                                                                 --      --                                        sion Path                                                                          Loop                                                                              Match Digital Transmission Path                                      Between                                                                            Back      between BS-BSC by DSU                                          BS-BSC         Loop Back                                                               Code Error                                                                          Measurement of                                                          Rate  (1) Code Error Rate                                                           (2) Error Free Second by                                                        DSU Loop Back                                                BS Wire                                                                            BS  Voice Signal Confirmation be-                                                                    Voice Loop Back                                                                       --                                        Section                                                                            Loop                                                                              Signal                                                                              tween Wire Section by                                                                      Reservation of                                         Back      BS Loop Back Designated                                                                    Channel                                                                       Identification                                                                of Test Call                                      Radio                                                                              TST Manual                                                                              Confirm Normality of BS                                                                    Reservation of                                                                        Voice Loop                                Section                                                                            Loop                                                                              Outgoing                                                                            Calling Process by Calling                                                                 Designated                                                                            Back                                           Back                                                                              Connection                                                                          from TST     Channel Identification                                     Manual                                                                              Confirm Normality of                                                                       Identification                                                                        of Test Call                                       Incoming                                                                            Incoming process to TST                                                                    of Test Call                                               Connection                                                                          by Incoming Call to BS                                                  Voice Modify Radio Output Level                                               Channel                                                                             of TST to Examine Error                                                 Performance                                                                         Rate                                                                    Interfer-                                                                           Idle Channel of Adjacent                                                ence  BS is Used to Generate                                                  Wave  Interference Wave to                                                    Avoidance                                                                           Examine Error Rate                                             __________________________________________________________________________

(3) Line and Terminal Test

In the line and terminal test, confirmation tests for various lines andterminals shown in Table 17 are made in order to confirm the normalityby recovery of failure or new registration.

                  TABLE 17                                                        ______________________________________                                        Classifi- Test        Test                                                    cation    Item        Contents                                                ______________________________________                                        Monitor   Speech      Designate Bch of Subscriber                             Test      Monitor     to be tested and Test Voice                                                   Monitor during talking                                            Dch Monitor Dch Monitor in Line                                                           Switching Call                                          Terminal  Outgoing    Confirm Normality of Calling                            Test      Test        Sequence by Calling from                                                      Terminal                                                          Incoming    Confirm Normality of Incom-                                       Test        ing Call Sequence by                                                          Incoming to Terminal                                              Position    Incoming Function Test                                            Registration                                                                              Outside of Home Area                                              Test                                                                          Hand Over   Confirmation of Continuity                                                    of Call upon Movement of                                                      Adjacent Cell                                                     Roaming     Confirmation of Normality of                                                  Call Upon Movement of                                                         Adjacent Cell                                                     Separation  Confirmation of Frequency                                         Test        Change Over upon Detection                                                    of Interference of Electric                                                   Wave                                                    ______________________________________                                    

8-c. Performance Management Work

Functions of the maintenance operation system supporting the performancemanagement work are now described.

In the embodiment, in order to support the performance management work,the traffic management function and the restriction and concentratedcall countermeasure function are provided.

8-c-1. Traffic Management Function

The traffic management function is now described.

The traffic management function is a function to collect observationdata of short-term variation and long-term variation of day, week, monthand season of various traffics for each BS. The collected observationdata is reflected to facility plan such as increase and optimumarrangement of BS in order to provide more efficient communicationservice.

FIG. 34 shows observation points (1, 2 and 3) of traffic data andtransfer paths of data.

As shown in FIG. 34, the observation points of traffic are set outsideof the BS as far as possible and a developed traffic management systemand routing technique are adapted to be easily incorporated.

As shown in FIG. 34, traffic observed by the BSC is collected andmanaged by the traffic operation system 2900 through a maintenanceintra-office network 2960. Further, traffic observed by the BS istransferred to the traffic operation system through the maintenanceintra-office network 2960 to be collected and managed therein.

Table 18 shows utilization object of the collected observation data.

                                      TABLE 18                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Measurement      Main     Measurement                                                                          Measurement                                  Item             Utilization Object                                                                     Period Point                                        __________________________________________________________________________    Number of Successful                                                                           Study of Increase                                                                      60 Min.                                                                              BS ( 2 )                                     Call for Each BS and Rearrangement                                            Number of Unsuccessful                                                                         of BS having                                                 Calls for Each BS                                                                              Balanced Load                                                Amount of Successful                                                          Call for each BS                                                              Number of Position Registration                                                                Study of Control                                                                       15 Min.                                                                              BSC ( 2 )                                    Successful Calls for each BS                                                                   Channel Capacity                                             Number of Position Registration                                                                and Position                                                 Unsuccessful Calls for each BS                                                                 Registration Area                                            Amount of Position Registration                                               Successful Calls for each BS                                                  Number of Calls for each kind of Calls                                                         Improvement of                                                                         60 Min.                                                                              BS                                           (Priority Call and the like) for each BS                                                       Service Quality ( 1 or 2 )                                   Number of Switching of Slot during                                                             Study of Effective                                                                     60 Min.                                                                              BS ( 1 )                                     Communication for each BS                                                                      Utilization Method                                           Number of Switching of Carrier                                                                 of Radio Channel                                             during Communication for each BS                                              __________________________________________________________________________

8-c-2. Traffic Congestion Control Function

The traffic congestion control function is a function to makerestriction such as calling restriction, incoming restriction andposition registration call restriction in order to prevent congestionoccurring in a specific device due to disaster or event from expand tothe whole network.

There are two primary factors as follow.

1 Incoming System

2 Calling/Position Registration System

Accordingly contents of restrictions for each factors are described.

(1) Congestion of Incoming System

As congestion of incoming system, there are considered congestion for aspecific zone and congestion for a specific subscriber, and thesecongestions are treated by an incoming restriction process in the ISDNswitching system.

(2) Congestion of Calling/Position Registration System

Congestion of calling/position registration system is also restricted bymeans of the calling restriction process in the ISDN switching system.However, the manual position registration is received even during theposition registration restriction.

8-d. Configuration Management Work

Functions of the maintenance operation system supporting theconfiguration management work is now described.

The embodiment provides service order registration and installation testfunction and function of increase of BS and installation test in orderto support the configuration management work.

8-d-1. Service Order Registration and Installation Test Function

The service order registration and installation or opening test functionis described.

The service order registration and installation test function includesthe service order registration function and the installation testfunction. The service order registration function is a function to newlyprovide a PS subscriber terminal and make registration and abolition ofa new service, and the installation test function is a function to makea test for verifying the normality of subscriber information set by theservice order registration function.

FIG. 35 schematically illustrates operation of the service order,registration and installation test function.

As shown in FIG. 35, the service order registration function receives aservice order registration request in a service management system (SMS2980) which performs registration and management of resources in thenetwork.

Subscriber information of the PS subscriber terminal is inputted asservice order registration information from a customer terminal (WS) ofthe SMS and is edited in the SMS 2980. The edited information is storedas customer definition information in a data base DB 3700 attached tothe SMS 2980.

The customer definition information is converted into an informationform utilized by SCP to prepare subscriber information and is loaded toa data base DB 3710 attached to SCP from SMS 2980.

On the other hand, the installation test function is attained by makingthe calling and incoming connection test in order to verify thenormality of the subscriber information set by the service orderregistration function.

The calling connection test is to test whether a test call can beconnected to the test operation system 2920 or not by dialing to aspecific test terminal or by dialing a special test number by aninspector on the side of a subscriber terminal to confirm the normalityof the calling operation.

The incoming connection test is a test that PSN of a PS terminal to betested is designated from a test console of the test operation system2920 to test whether connection is made exactly or not to confirm thenormality of the incoming operation.

8-d-2. Function of BS Provisionning and Installation Test

The function of BS Provisionning and installation test includes functionof increase of BS and function of BS installation test. The function ofincrease of BS is a function of incorporating BS into the network newly,and the BS installation test function is a function of verifying thatthe BS incorporated into the network is operated exactly.

The function of increase of BS is described.

Since the BS is considered as a terminal interface as viewed from theBSC, a service order is inputted to the BSC 3 from the terminal WSattached to the maintenance operation system 2910 upon increase of BS sothat the BS is registered in the BSC.

It is considered that the BS is required to be increased in a short timebecause of installation of an event or the like. In such a case, the BSCis adapted to prepare data relative to BS automatically upon spuriouscalling from the increased BS.

Further, there are provided office data modification function ofrewriting BS attribute data such as kind of BS stored in the BSC on lineand BS file update function of updating a BS file of various softwaresstored in the BS in order to cope with addition of service.

The BS installation test function is described.

FIG. 36 schematically illustrates operation of the BS installation testfunction.

As shown in FIG. 36, the BS installation test function is realized bymaking the calling connection and incoming connection test by the testoperation system 2920.

As shown in FIG. 36, the calling connection test is a test that afterinstallation of the BS to be increased, the BS 2 having a power switchturned on makes calling to the test operation system through the networkto thereby verify the normality of calling operation.

The incoming connection test is a process started after elapse of afixed time from the completion of the calling connection test andverifies the normality of the incoming operation by making a call to theincreased BS through the network by the test operation system 2920.

The test operation system monitors a signal sequence in these tests todisplay detailed information of a test result to the attached terminalWS and turns on status lamps included in the BS to be tested inaccordance with the test result.

Maintenance and operation of the portable telephone system according tothe embodiment have been described and functions of the BS 2 forrealizing the maintenance and operation functions are shown in Table 19.

                                      TABLE 19                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Function                                                                             Applications           Notes                                           __________________________________________________________________________    Data   Automatic                                                                           Send Data (BS Type, BS Capacity, etc.)                                                         However, it is                                  Transmission                                                                         Service                                                                             Indicative of Attribute of Increased                                                           necessary to                                    Function                                                                             Order BS to BSC upon False Calling                                                                   consider Bch in                                 (BS → BSC)                                                                    Registration           Call Process                                    Data   Modification                                                                        Receive Down Date by utilizing Bch at                                                          during Use of Bch                               Reception                                                                            of Software                                                                         night from BSC in order to cope with                             Function                                                                             Included in                                                                         Addition of Service and Modification                                    BS    of Protocol                                                             Modification                                                                        Rewrite BS Variable Data as follows:                                    of Office                                                                           Radio Carrier Management Data                                           Data  Peripheral BSID Management Data                                               Type of BS (Outgoing Only,                                                    Incoming Only, General)                                                       BS Capacity                                                      BS State                                                                             Installation                                                                        Turn On State Lamp to Display Test                               Display Lamp                                                                         Test  Result in response to Indication from                            Turned On    Test OpS.                                                        __________________________________________________________________________

9. Form and Mounting Form of BS 2

FIG. 37 shows a first form of the BS 2 according to the embodiment.

The BS 2 shown in FIG. 37 is used by attaching on a wall surface of abuilding or the like and includes a package 3703 having the waterproofcharacteristic and the protection characteristics against heat and coldand in which a BS body 3700 and an antenna 3701 are accommodated.

FIGS. 38A and 38B show the BS 2 attached to a wall surface. FIG. 38Ashows a single type of BS 2 and FIG. 38B shows a combined type of BS's2. Both of types are available.

FIG. 39 shows a second form of the BS 2 according to the embodiment.

The form shown in FIG. 39 is attached to a telephone box and an antenna3903 and a BS body 3901 are separately provided to be accommodated inpackages 3902 and 3900 having the waterproof characteristic and theprotection characteristics against heat and cold, respectively.Particularly, in order to facilitate to recognize installation of the BS2 by the user, the package 3900 accommodating the antenna is in theshape of transparent dome. The transparent dome-shaped package 3902 caninclude an indication for indicating state of the BS 2.

FIGS. 40A and 40B show the BS 2 attached to a telephone box. The BS 2 isattached on an upper surface of a box-type telephone box. In the case ofan open-type telephone box, the package 3900 for the body is attached ona rear surface of the telephone box. In any case, the package 3902accommodating the antenna 3903 is mounted on an upper surface of thetelephone box to ensure the radio sensitivity and arouse user'sattention.

FIG. 41 shows a telephone box to which the BS 2 is mounted. In order toindicate that the BS is mounted, an upper portion of the telephone boxis colored. Further, a sticker for indicating that the BS is installedis affixed on the side of the telephone box.

10. Services that the Portable Telephone System Provides to Subscribers

According to the portable telephone system according to the embodimentdescribed above, the portable telephone system can realize variousservices.

These services are now described.

FIG. 42 schematically illustrates services which the subscriber canreceive upon waiting by way of example.

As shown in FIG. 42, the subscriber can make communication in a waitingplace in the same manner as the ordinary telephone by means of the PS 1.

Further, provision of a reception-only BS for a waiting person in aplace where congestion is anticipated can inform the waiting person oflateness smoothly. An incoming call to the waiting person can takepreference by giving preference to an incoming call to a subscriber towhich the BS 2 performs the manual position registration.

Further, if a main machine having a broad propagation range of electricwave is placed in a restaurant, a coffee shop or the like andsubscribers therein utilize the PS 1 as a sub-machine through the mainmachine, the PS 1 can be utilized without hindrance even if the BS 2 isnot installed in the vicinity thereof.

FIG. 43 schematically illustrates services which the subscriber canreceive in a moving body such as the Shinkansen by way of example.

As shown in FIG. 43, by installing a remote BS 2 connected to thenetwork by radio in the moving body, the subscriber can makecommunication in the same manner as the ordinary telephone by means ofthe PS 1.

Further, the provision of a conversation booth makes it possible to makeconversation so that other passengers are not troubled. When the remoteBS 2 informs a passenger in a train of an incoming call, the BS 2displays an indication for urging movement to the conversation booth inthe PS 1. The BS 2 requires to display an indication representative ofmovement to the conversation booth in the PS 1 of a calling party, sothat the conversation booth can be utilized for the incoming call to thepassenger in the train without hindrance. As described above, datacommunication can be made by means of the BS 2.

FIG. 44 schematically illustrates services which the subscriber canreceive in daily life by way of example.

As shown in FIG. 44, the subscriber can make communication in the samemanner as the ordinary telephone in daily life by means of the PS 1.

A communication received by a telephone at home can transfer to the PS 1carried by the subscriber being out. Such a transfer function canprovide in LS 4, BS 3 and BS 2 in accordance with an area to which thecall is transferred. A call to a door-phone placed at an entrance ofhome is transferred to be connected to the PS 1 carried by thesubscriber being out through the PS 1 provided at home, so that thesubscriber being out can respond to the call. The switching function forsuch a call may provide in the BS 3 and the BS 2 in accordance with anarea in which the call is issued. Similarly, if a home automationapparatus is adapted to be connected to the PS 1, the home automationapparatus is controlled from the outside and communication from the homeautomation apparatus can be received. Further, a service channel forcommunication in a town-block association or advertisement in asupermarket may be opened in the BS 2 in the area. This service channelis set as an exclusive radio channel and the PS 1 of the user may beadapted to receive the exclusive radio channel by reception indicationof the service channel of the person carrying the portable telephone.The service channel may be opened only to the calling PS in response toa calling operation in a particular PTN.

FIG. 45 schematically illustrates services which the subscriber canreceive in a department store by way of example.

As shown in FIG. 45, the subscriber can make communication in thedepartment store by means of the PS 1 in the same manner as the ordinarytelephone. A service channel may be opened in the BS 2 in the departmentstore for utilization of the subscribers in the department store.

FIG. 46 schematically illustrates services which the subscriber canreceive in a recreation ground or a theme park by way of example.

As shown in FIG. 46, the subscriber can make communication by means ofthe PS 1 in the same manner as the ordinary telephone.

A leader of a group can make communication with members of the group atonce by providing a simultaneous calling function of 1 to N in the BS 2.In the simultaneous calling function of 1 to N, a group PTN or arepresentative PTN is previously set and when a calling issued to thePTN, all of PS's set as sub-PTN's thereof may be adapted to be called.In this case, the BS 2 receives information from a member of the groupand contents of the information from the member may be displayed in thePS 1 of the leader.

Further, a service channel may be opened in the BS 2 in a park forutilization of the subscribers in the park.

FIG. 47 schematically illustrates other services which the subscribercan receive.

As shown in FIGS. 48A and 48B, the BS 2 installed outdoors desirablymakes display so that current use situations are understood.

It is desirable that the BS 2 being in a busy state receives areservation for calling from the PS 1 of the subscriber and receives thecalling from the PS 1 from which the reservation is receivedpreferentially in order of the reservation. At this time, the BS 2desirably controls so that the number of persons who do not make callingof the number of subscribers from whom the reservation is received isdisplayed in the PS 1 from which reservation is received.

According to the portable telephone system including a switching system,a plurality of radio base stations for n-th route installed in each areaand connected through n-th (where n is a natural number satisfyingk≠n∩m≧n≧1) duplicate optical fiber transmission path different from k-th(where k is a natural number satisfying k≠n∩m≧n≧1) duplicate opticalfiber transmission path, of k-th to m-th (where m is a natural numbersatisfying m≧2) routes, and portable telephones connected to the radiobase station through radio transmission path, the radio base station forn-th route being arranged in an area adjacent to a radio base station ofa route different from the n-th route, a distance between the switchingsystem and the radio base station is long but since transmissiontherebetween is made by the duplicate optical fiber transmission paths,the reliability of transmission is improved. Further, even if failureoccurs within one route, the portable telephone system for other routecan be utilized by an adjacent area.

As described above, according to the present invention, the portabletelephone system capable of providing various services advantageouslycan be provided.

What is claimed is:
 1. A portable telephone system, comprising:aswitching system; a plurality of radio base stations, each of said radiobase stations respectively connected to said switching system throughtransmission paths in a respective area; and a portable telephoneconnected to said a respective one of said radio base stations throughradio transmission paths, wherein said respective one of said radio basestations holds calls in the order of reception thereof, when the callsare received when said portable telephone is currently in use.
 2. Aportable telephone system, comprising:a switching system; a plurality ofradio base stations, each of said radio base stations respectivelyconnected to said switching system through transmission paths in arespective area; and a portable telephone connected to said a respectiveone of said radio base stations through radio transmission paths,wherein, when a plurality of calls for establishing communicationbetween said portable telephone and another terminal are received atsaid respective one of said radio base stations in a busy state, saidrespective one of said radio base stations holds said calls in the orderof reception thereof, and establishes communication between saidportable telephone and said another terminal in the order in which saidcalls were received when the busy state is cleared.
 3. A portabletelephone system, comprising:a switching system; a plurality of radiobase stations, each of said radio base stations respectively connectedto said switching system through transmission paths in a respectivearea; and a portable telephone connected to said a respective one ofsaid radio base stations through radio transmission paths, wherein, whena plurality of calls for establishing communication between saidportable telephone and another terminal are received at said respectiveone of said radio base stations in a busy state, said respective one ofsaid radio base stations holds said calls in the order of receptionthereof, and informs a user of said portable telephone whencommunication between said portable telephone and said another terminalcan be established as the busy state of said respective one of saidradio base stations is cleared, said communication between said portabletelephone and said another terminal being established in the order inwhich said calls are received at said respective one of said radio basestations.